Cataracts developed in 4 of the 23 phakic eyes (17% incidence).
Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and/or radiation therapy provided a safe and effective course of treatment for choroidal metastasis patients. The event was correlated with successful local tumor control, the reduction of secondary retinal detachments, and the preservation of vision.
Treatment of choroidal metastasis involved radiation therapy, possibly complemented by intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, with favorable outcomes in terms of safety and efficacy. It was found to be associated with local tumor control, the reduction of secondary retinal detachments, and the preservation of vision.
Retinal photography that is simple to operate, cost-effective, portable, and dependable is clinically required. We evaluate the effectiveness of smartphone fundus photography in documenting retinal modifications within resource-limited settings, where retinal imaging was not attainable previously. Fundus photography has seen an increase in available technologies, attributable to the introduction of smartphone-based retinal imaging. The cost factor prevents the ready provision of fundus cameras in ophthalmic practice for developing countries. Smartphones, readily accessible, easy to use, and easily carried, offer a budget-friendly solution in resource-constrained situations. The exploration of smartphones, particularly iPhones, for retinal imaging in settings lacking adequate resources is the intended focus.
Retinal imaging was performed on patients with dilated pupils using a +20 D lens and a smartphone (iPhone) in video mode.
Adults and children alike presented with clear retinal images under various clinical circumstances, which included branch retinal vein occlusions with accompanying fibrovascular growth, choroidal neovascular membranes, probable ocular toxoplasmosis, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, ocular albinism, and hypertensive retinopathy.
The revolutionary application of inexpensive, portable, and easy-to-operate cameras has fundamentally changed retinal imaging and screening programs, thereby enhancing research, education, and information dissemination.
Portability, affordability, and ease of use are key features of new cameras that are transforming retinal imaging and screening programs, playing a critical role in research, education, and the dissemination of information.
This study aims to detail the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, including confocal microscopy, corneal nerve fiber assessment, and therapeutic responses in three cases of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation subsequent to a single dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. This research utilized a retrospective and observational design. All patients who experienced uveitis following vaccination were consolidated into a single group. The cohort encompassed patients who experienced reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). VZV was detected in the aqueous humor of two patients, as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. IgG and IgM antibodies to the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were measured at the presentation's commencement. From this collection of patients, three exhibiting the classic hallmarks of pole-to-pole presentations were selected. Three cases were considered: a 36-year-old lady experiencing post-vaccination sclerokeratouveitis secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus reactivation, a 56-year-old lady exhibiting post-vaccination acute anterior uveitis related to herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and a 43-year-old gentleman with post-vaccination acute retinal necrosis. This paper explores a potential correlation between anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and varicella zoster reactivation in these cases, encompassing the clinical characteristics, imaging findings (such as confocal microscopy), corneal nerve fiber evaluations, treatment strategies, and a substantial discussion.
Choroidal lesions in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) uveitis were examined through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) analysis.
The OCT scans of patients with VZV-uveitis, specifically looking for choroidal lesions, were reviewed. The process of the SD-OCT scan passing through these lesions was studied with meticulous detail. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was studied across its active and resolved stages in this investigation. Investigating angiographic features proved possible in accessible cases.
Thirteen cases, representing 86.7% of the 15 examined, showed same-sided skin rashes characteristic of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. biomarker validation All patients, except for three, were characterized by the presence of kerato-uveitis, either chronic or active. The vitreous in all eyes was transparent and showed the presence of one or more hypopigmented, orangish-yellow choroidal lesions. A clinical examination throughout the follow-up period showed no variation in the number of lesions. In eleven SD-OCT examinations of lesions, five exhibited choroidal thinning, three demonstrated hyporeflective choroidal elevations during inflammation, four showed transmission artifacts, and seven displayed ellipsoid zone disruption. The average alteration in SFCT (n = 9) following the resolution of inflammation was 263 meters, fluctuating between 3 and 90 meters. Fluorescein angiography of the fundus revealed identical fluorescence over the lesions in all five patients, while indocyanine green angiography, performed on three patients, demonstrated diminished fluorescence at the lesion sites. The average length of follow-up was 138 years, with a spread from a minimum of three months up to a maximum of seven years. The first VZV-uveitis relapse was accompanied by the development of a novel choroidal lesion in a single patient.
VZV-uveitis can lead to the formation of choroidal lesions that exhibit hypopigmentation, either in a focal or multifocal pattern, accompanied by choroidal tissue thickening or scarring, contingent on the disease's activity.
Disease activity of VZV-uveitis plays a role in determining the nature of choroidal lesions; these can be focal or multifocal, hypopigmented, and associated with choroidal thickening or scarring.
In this extensive study of SLE patients, we examine the breadth of posterior segment manifestations and visual outcomes.
A retrospective investigation of eye care cases at a tertiary referral hospital in the southern part of India was carried out, covering the period between 2016 and 2022.
Our medical database search produced the charts of 109 patients having been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. The posterior segment was involved in only nine cases of SLE, a substantial 825 percent. The population exhibited a male-to-female ratio of eighteen. Hereditary thrombophilia The subjects' ages, on average, were distributed around 28 years. The prevalent presentation in eight cases (88.89%) was unilateral. Five cases (representing 5556%) shared the common systemic presentation of lupus nephritis. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) was observed in two cases, accounting for 2222 percent of the total. One case of ocular manifestation involved microangiopathy (cotton wool spots); four cases (five eyes) displayed occlusive retinal vasculitis, including cotton wool spots; a single case presented optic disc edema with concurrent venous and arterial occlusion; central retinal vein occlusion, encompassing cotton wool spots and hemorrhages, was observed in a single case; macular edema was present in four instances; posterior scleritis, joined by optic disc edema and exudative retinal detachment in the posterior pole, was detected in a singular patient; and a single case showed a tubercular choroidal granuloma. The treatment course for all patients included the administration of systemic steroids, hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQS), and immunosuppressants. Two patients received blood thinners, and four received laser photocoagulation. The 109 investigated cases did not report any instances of HCQS-associated retinal toxicity. Ocular manifestation initially presented in one patient with SLE. Unfortunately, the visual outcome in three cases was poor.
Cases of SLE with detectable posterior segment findings could suggest a more severe systemic disease process. Early diagnosis and intensive treatment regimens frequently contribute to positive visual outcomes. For systemic therapy, ophthalmologists' guidance is essential and impactful.
Posterior segment indicators present in those with SLE potentially reflect a severely impacting systemic disease. Early identification coupled with vigorous treatment leads to improved visual outcomes. A critical role for ophthalmologists is present in guiding systemic therapy.
Our investigation explores the occurrence, clinical expression, possible predisposing factors, and subsequent outcomes of intraocular inflammation (IOI) in Indian patients exposed to brolucizumab.
All patients, diagnosed consecutively with brolucizumab-induced IOI at 10 centers in eastern India, from October 2020 to April 2022, were included in the study.
Across different centers, 758 injections were given during the study period, resulting in 13 IOI events (17%) that were attributed to brolucizumab. BIX 02189 In 15% of the eyes (two eyes), intraocular inflammation (IOI) emerged after the initial dose of brolucizumab, with a median time interval of 45 days. Subsequent to the second dose, IOI developed in 46% of eyes (six eyes), taking an average of 85 days. The remaining 39% (five eyes) of eyes experienced IOI following the third dose, with a median time to onset of 7 days. Every 6 weeks (interquartile range 4-10 weeks), the 11 eyes showing interval of injection (IOI) subsequent to the second or third dose received subsequent brolucizumab reinjections. Patients receiving a third dose of antivascular endothelial growth factor injections who subsequently experienced IOI had undergone a considerably greater number of prior antivascular endothelial growth factor injections (median = 8) compared to those experiencing the condition after the first or second dose (median = 4), yielding a statistically significant result (P = 0.0001). In 11 eyes examined, anterior chamber cells were nearly universally found (n = 11, 85%); two cases exhibited peripheral retinal hemorrhages, and a single case exhibited branch artery occlusion. Employing a combined approach of topical and oral steroids, two-thirds of patients (n = 8, 62%) achieved recovery; the remaining patients were successfully treated with topical steroids alone.