These results equip us with scientific frameworks to use cultivated land in mountainous areas sustainably and effectively.
In metropolitan areas, the rising population and shrinking construction land have led to a growing trend of over-track structures in metro depots. However, the shaking produced by the train markedly reduces the comfort of people residing in the buildings directly above the tracks. Predicting and analyzing the vibrational characteristics of a building accurately is a complex undertaking, owing to the multifaceted vibration sources and extensive transmission routes. The Guanhu metro depot in Guangzhou, China, served as the location for a field vibration measurement campaign, which is the subject of this paper. To predict building vibrations caused by trains, a novel methodology, based on operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) and singular value decomposition (SVD), is presented to analyze acquired data. The building's target points' vibrational responses to each transfer path were analyzed in this study, and the most prevalent transfer paths were identified in subsequent analysis. Furthermore, the building's vibrations at targeted points were anticipated using vibrations measured at intermediate points along the paths, combined with transmissibility factors derived from the structural connections. Insights are provided by this study into the forecast and assessment of how vibrations travel from their source to higher levels of structures positioned above the rail tracks.
A notable upswing has been observed in carbon emissions from road traffic within China, and their share of the total carbon emissions has noticeably increased. Doubling carbon emissions is a catalyst for increased focus on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the expansive urban area in northern China. Recognizing the uneven development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, this thesis proposes three computational models for estimating road traffic carbon emissions for large, medium, and small cities and intercity traffic arteries. These models rely on data from the road network. Beijing recorded the highest road carbon emissions in 2019, reaching a figure of 1991 million tonnes of CO2, which was almost three times greater than the emissions produced in Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei. Weekdays in Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, and Beijing witness a 29%, 33%, and 45% rise, respectively, in commuter traffic compared to the weekend. check details The intercity roadway experiences a daily volume of 192 million vehicles, resulting in 2297 million tons of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Along with this, an analysis of the reduction potential of carbon emissions is made in Beijing. A significant 5785% reduction in road emissions in Beijing is predicted if the average speed during the morning rush hour (7 a.m. to 8 a.m.) is raised to the standard design speed (09Vf).
Significant attention has been directed toward green synthesis techniques for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a key aspect of practical industrial implementation. This study involved the green synthesis of zinc(II) metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) at a controlled room temperature. The extraction of the Zn metal (node) from spent domestic batteries utilized benzene di-carboxylic acid (BDC) as the linker. Employing PXRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, TGA, and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, the as-prepared Zn-MOF was characterized. Characterization techniques unequivocally highlighted the similarity between the newly synthesized Zn-MOF utilizing metallic solid waste zinc and those reported in the scientific literature. The stability of the Zn-MOF, as prepared, was confirmed by its 24-hour preservation of functional groups and framework structure in an aqueous medium. The adsorption capacity of the prepared Zn-MOF material was assessed using three dyes. Two of these dyes are anionic (aniline blue (AB), orange II (O(II))), and the third is cationic (methylene blue (MB)). All dyes were extracted from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium adsorbed amount, qe, for substance AB, was 5534 mg g-1 at a pH of 7 and 25 degrees Celsius, achieving this value within a 40-minute time period. Examination of adsorption kinetics suggested that the adsorption processes adhere to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the Freundlich isotherm model provided a suitable description of the three dyes' adsorption process. A spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process was observed for AB on the prepared Zn-MOF, as confirmed by thermodynamic parameters. O(II) and MB uptake, in comparison, was non-spontaneous and demonstrated exothermic characteristics. This study acts as a complement to the business case model for converting solid waste into value-added metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
The study of democracy's influence on environmental pollution in the MINT countries makes use of panel data collected from 1971 to 2016. It also scrutinizes the collaborative influence of income and democratic principles on CO2 emission levels. To account for cross-sectional dependence in the analysis, various estimation techniques were used, ranging from quantile regression, OLS-fixed effect, and GLS-random effect regressions, employing Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. A robustness check was performed using a panel threshold regression. Long-term dependence was observed in the connection between CO2 emissions and the explanatory factors. check details The quantile regression analysis of interaction effects demonstrates that economic progress, democratic governance, and trade liberalization lead to higher CO2 emissions, thereby exacerbating environmental pollution. Primary energy, although mitigating pollution in the lower and mid-range consumption categories, unfortunately contributes to increased pollution at the high end of the spectrum. Across all quantiles, the interaction effect demonstrates a statistically significant negative impact. Democracy is demonstrably crucial in mitigating the correlation between income and CO2 emissions in the MINT countries. Therefore, if the MINT countries decisively fortify their democratic systems and improve their citizens' earnings, they could expect to experience more robust economic growth and decrease their carbon dioxide emissions. Beyond this, a single-threshold model is employed to identify the disparities in reactions to CO2 emissions in low and high-functioning democratic environments. Observations show a critical democratic threshold influencing the relationship between income and CO2 emissions. When the level of democracy surpasses this threshold, increasing income leads to decreased CO2 emissions; below this threshold, income has little discernible effect. In light of these findings, the MINT countries must prioritize strengthening democracy, raising income levels, and reducing trade barriers.
Investigations into renewable energy sources are designed to diminish the detrimental effects of fossil fuels on the environment, with a particular focus on solar technology to enhance its competitiveness with conventional power systems. Flat plate solar air collectors, owing to their simple design and instant solar energy conversion capabilities, operating efficiently at low temperatures, are the focus of this paper. One of its component parts has undergone a modification for the purpose of increasing its performance. The thermal energy demand for a specific purpose (such as heating or drying) necessitates the installation of a collector field (solar air collectors, solar water heaters, etc.) to meet the required thermal power. To the rear of the solar air collector, a water tank fed by solar water collectors is integrated, and will act as a thermal reservoir for alternative uses. Using Fluent CFD, a simulation models the heat transfer fluid's flow evolution, based on meteorological conditions at the Bouzareah (Algeria) implantation site. Concerning the two heat transfer fluids, flow rates were varied in the study. check details The primary heat transfer medium was air, while water was used as the secondary. Using forced flow, the modified solar air collector, according to simulation results, shows improved thermal efficiency, exceeding the typical solar air heater. Varied flow rates achieve higher efficiency when the primary heat transfer fluid's (air) flow rate is augmented.
To effectively counter the detrimental impacts of climate change on the environment, economy, and society, marketing strategies must encourage a shift towards sustainable production and consumption practices. Consequently, marketing and climate change are inextricably linked. However, no literary corpus has fully examined the complex interplay and connections between climate change and marketing. This study, employing a bibliometric approach using Web of Science and Scopus databases, investigated such connections and relationships from 1992 to 2022. Topic-based queries, supplemented by title, abstract, and keyword searches, were used in the search strategy. The search query yielded 1723 documents. Data on authors, keywords, institutions, countries, sources, citations, and co-citations were analyzed using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny. Annual publications demonstrated a clear upward trend, with the USA, UK, and Australia representing the top international producers, and the USA, New Zealand, and UK institutions excelling within their domestic contexts. In the author keyword ranking, climate change, sustainability, and marketing took the top three positions. Regarding output, Sustainability journal led the pack, whereas Energy Policy shone in citation achievements. Cross-border partnerships, predominantly among developed nations, often dubbed “Global North” countries, warrant reinforcement, with a particular focus on fostering collaboration between these nations and the developing world. Research themes underwent a notable alteration during the COVID-19 pandemic, coinciding with a substantial increase in the number of documents produced. Prioritizing research in energy, innovation, insect farming, and carbon management is paramount.