High-precision, miniaturized, and substrate-free filters were fabricated by us, using a technique of ion beam sputtering on a temporary substrate. Not only is the sacrificial layer cost-effective but also environmentally friendly, making its dissolution with water a simple process. In comparison to filters from the same coating run, our filters using thin polymer layers show an increased performance. These filters facilitate the production of a single-element coarse wavelength division multiplexing transmitting device for telecommunications applications. This is accomplished by interposing the filter between the fiber ends.
The structural damage induced in atomic layer deposition-grown zirconia films, by 100 keV proton irradiation at fluences spanning 1.1 x 10^12 p+/cm^2 to 5.0 x 10^14 p+/cm^2, was simulated using the stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) method, and the results were compared with changes in the optical properties measured by ellipsometry, spectrophotometry, and x-ray reflectometry. Contamination of the optical surface, stemming from proton-induced deposition of a carbon-rich layer, was observed and confirmed. POMHEX For dependable evaluation of the optical constants of the irradiated films, the correct estimation of substrate damage proved crucial. The ellipsometric angle's responsiveness is affected by the presence of the buried damaged zone in the irradiated substrate, and a contamination layer on the surfaces of the samples. A discussion of the intricate chemistry of carbon-doped zirconia, encompassing over-stoichiometric oxygen, is presented, alongside the influence of compositional alterations in the film on the refractive index of the irradiated material.
Compact tools are critical to offsetting dispersion during the generation and propagation of ultrashort vortex pulses (ultrashort pulses with helical wavefronts), a requirement for realizing their potential applications. Employing a global simulated annealing optimization approach, informed by the temporal characteristics and wave patterns of femtosecond vortex pulses, this study designs and refines chirped mirrors. Through the lens of different optimization methods and chirped mirror configurations, the algorithm's performances are illustrated.
In continuation of prior research utilizing motionless scatterometers with white light, we propose, to the best of our knowledge, a novel white-light scattering experiment predicted to supersede previous experiments in most cases. A spectrometer coupled with a broadband illumination source forms the uncomplicated setup for examining light scattering, targeted to a singular direction. Having explained the instrument's core principle, roughness spectra are determined for different samples, and the conformity of the results is established at the point of bandwidth overlap. This technique will exhibit considerable usefulness for samples that are stationary.
Gasochromic materials' optical property changes, triggered by exposure to diluted hydrogen (35% H2 in Ar), are investigated through the dispersion of a complex refractive index, as demonstrated in this paper. Hence, a prototype material comprising a tungsten trioxide thin film and an added platinum catalyst was produced via electron beam evaporation. The proposed method's effectiveness in explaining the causes of observed transparency changes in these materials has been experimentally confirmed.
This paper investigates the application of a hydrothermal method-synthesized nickel oxide nanostructure (nano-NiO) in inverted perovskite solar cells. These pore nanostructures were applied to the ITO/nano-N i O/C H 3 N H 3 P b I 3/P C B M/A g device in order to increase the contact and channel regions between the hole transport and perovskite layers. This investigation has two primary purposes. Temperatures of 140°C, 160°C, and 180°C were used in the synthesis process to develop three differing nano-NiO morphologies. Subsequent to annealing at 500 degrees Celsius, a Raman spectrometer was applied to determine the phonon vibrational and magnon scattering attributes. POMHEX Nano-nickel oxide powders were dispersed in isopropanol, a crucial step for subsequent spin-coating procedures on the inverted solar cells. The nano-NiO morphologies took the forms of multi-layer flakes, microspheres, and particles at synthesis temperatures of 140°C, 160°C, and 180°C, respectively. The perovskite layer's coverage increased to a remarkable 839% when microsphere nano-NiO was chosen as the hole transport layer. Crystallographic orientations of the (110) and (220) peaks were observed, indicative of the perovskite layer's grain size analysis via X-ray diffraction. Nonetheless, the power conversion effectiveness might influence the promotion, which is 137 times greater than the poly(34-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate component's planar structure conversion efficiency.
Broadband transmittance measurements, used in optical monitoring, yield accurate results only if both the substrate and the optical path are precisely aligned. To enhance the precision of monitoring, we introduce a corrective procedure, unaffected by substrate characteristics like absorption or optical path misalignment. For this application, the substrate is contingent on whether it's a test glass or a commercially produced item. Experimental coatings, featuring the correction and lacking it, corroborate the algorithm's functionality. Besides its other functions, the optical monitoring system enabled in situ quality checks. With a high position resolution, the system permits a comprehensive spectral analysis of all substrates. The study identified plasma and temperature as factors impacting the central wavelength of a filter. This insight fosters the refinement of future performance metrics.
For optimal measurement of a surface's wavefront distortion (WFD), the optical filter's operating wavelength and angle of incidence are crucial. Although this isn't consistently achievable, the filter's characterization mandates measurement at a wavelength and angle outside its operational range (typically 633 nanometers and zero degrees, respectively). The dependence of transmitted wavefront error (TWE) and reflected wavefront error (RWE) on measurement wavelength and angle can render an out-of-band measurement inaccurate in characterizing the wavefront distortion (WFD). This paper expounds on a method for determining the wavefront error (WFE) of an optical filter at on-band wavelengths and varying angles from measurements made at different wavelengths and other angles. This method relies on the optical coating's theoretical phase properties, measured filter thickness uniformity, and the substrate's wavefront error sensitivity to the angle of incidence. The RWE measured directly at a wavelength of 1050 nanometers (45) showed a reasonably good correlation with the predicted RWE derived from a measurement at 660 nanometers (0). A series of TWE measurements, using LEDs and lasers, demonstrates that measuring the TWE of a narrow bandpass filter (11 nm bandwidth, centered at 1050 nm) with a broad-spectrum LED source can result in wavefront distortion being significantly affected by the chromatic aberration of the measurement apparatus. Consequently, a light source with a narrower bandwidth than the filter is preferable.
The laser-induced damage incurred in the final optical components of high-power laser systems dictates the limit on their peak power. The component's durability is inversely proportional to the damage growth occurring at the site of damage generation. Significant efforts have been dedicated to improving the laser-induced damage threshold in these parts. To what extent does a higher initiation threshold contribute to a reduction in the expansion of the damage phenomenon? To scrutinize this question, we carried out damage escalation studies on three varied multilayer dielectric mirror designs, each showcasing different damage susceptibility levels. POMHEX We leveraged classical quarter-wave designs and optimized designs in our process. With a spatial top-hat beam, spectrally centered at 1053 nanometers, and a pulse duration of 8 picoseconds in both s- and p-polarizations, the experiments were carried out. Analysis of the outcomes demonstrated the effect of design elements on escalating damage growth thresholds and decelerating damage growth rates. To simulate damage growth sequences, a numerical model was utilized. The observed experimental findings are mirrored in the results. These three instances highlight the impact of mirror design alterations on the initiation threshold, leading to a decrease in damage expansion.
Optical thin films, containing contaminating particles, can experience nodule creation and a decrease in their laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). Employing ion etching of substrates is evaluated in this work as a method to decrease the consequences of nanoparticle presence. Preliminary examinations indicate that ion etching processes can eliminate nanoparticles from the specimen's surface; however, this procedure results in the creation of surface textural patterns on the substrate. Despite LIDT measurements showing no noteworthy decrease in substrate resilience, this texturing process contributes to a rise in optical scattering loss.
Achieving optimal performance in optical systems necessitates the application of a superior antireflective coating, which is vital for minimizing reflectance and maximizing transmittance on optical components. Light scattering, stemming from fogging, presents further challenges that compromise image quality. This proposition implies that other functional aspects must be addressed. In a commercial plasma-ion-assisted coating chamber, a highly promising combination was generated; a long-term stable antifog coating is coupled with an antireflective double nanostructure. The antifogging properties of the material remain unaffected by the nanostructures, enabling their use in a wide array of applications.
Professor Hugh Angus Macleod, who was affectionately known as Angus by his closest associates, departed this life at his Tucson, Arizona residence on the 29th day of April in the year 2021. Angus's pioneering work in thin film optics, a field in which he was a leading authority, has left an extraordinary legacy for the thin film community. Angus's optical career, a remarkable journey of over six decades, is the focus of this article.